Which IRA allows for non-deductible contributions and tax-free distributions after age 59 1/2?

The correct answer is Roth IRA because this account type is specifically designed to allow for non-deductible contributions, meaning that contributions are made with after-tax dollars. The significant advantage of a Roth IRA is that once the account holder reaches the age of 59 1/2 and has held the account for at least five years, distributions can be taken tax-free. This feature makes the Roth IRA particularly appealing for individuals planning their retirement savings, as it allows for tax-free growth and withdrawals in retirement.

In contrast, other types of IRAs, such as the Traditional IRA, allow for pre-tax contributions and may provide a tax deduction at the time of the contribution, but distributions in retirement are taxed as regular income. The SEP-IRA is similar to a Traditional IRA but is geared toward self-employed individuals and small business owners, also involving pre-tax contributions. The Education IRA (now known as a Coverdell Education Savings Account) is designed specifically for educational expenses and has its own set of rules regarding contributions and distributions that differ from those of a Roth IRA.